That, Which, Who and Whom with Speak Method

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Using "That" in Sentences

That is usually used to report something: a feeling, an idea, something noticed. It can also be used as description, to clarify a specific thing.

Felt/Imagined	Related/Told	Noticed	Description
I feel that you should take better care of your health.	She told me that her mother is doing well.	I see that you are unhappy.	I gave him the address that you gave to me.
She imaged that she had made a million dollars.	I informed the police that I plan to press charges.	He noticed that I am feeling good about my career.	He told me the numbers that he used in the lottery.
He feels that he is too old to remarry.	The journalist reported that the president is popular.	My mother could see that I was crying when we parted.	I need the book that you used last year.

Using "Which" in Sentences

Which is used to show difference, as in "which one." Or, it is used to describe a particular thing (in this case, sometimes "that" or "which" can be used).

Which	That/Which
He lives in this apartment building which is the oldest on this street.	He lives in the apartment that is on the right. He lives in the apartment which is on the right.
I found the book which shows many modern sentences.	I found a book which is very good. I found a book that is very good.
I could not see which car was mine in the dark.	I could not see which car was mine. I could not see that it was my car.

Using "Who" and "Whom" in Sentences

Use "who" to describe people. Use "whom" to describe people who are the objects of a sentence (often passive voice). Usually a preposition, such as "to" or "of" precedes "whom."

Who	Whom
The man, who was very old, did not see me.	The man to whom I spoke was very old.
She was a woman who was very tired.	The woman by whom I sat was tired.
He is the teacher who inspired me to become a teacher myself.	He is the teacher without whom I would never have entered this profession.

Using "If" in Sentences

"If" describes uncertain situations/thoughts. It can be used in different positions in a sentence. Notice that people often remove "that" or "then." Either way is fine.

If	If that or If then	If , no that or then
You should go to the party if you have time.	If you have time, then you should go to the party.	If you have time, you should go to the party.
He did not tell me if he is coming.	If he is coming, then he will be here soon.	If he is coming, he will be here soon.
Give him the money if you have it.	If you give him the money you owe, that will end the argument.	If you give him the money, the argument will end.

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